• R Polosa, A Simidchiev, and E H Walters.
• Istituto Malattie Apparato Respiratorio, University of Catania, Via Passo Gravina 187, Catania, Italy. R.Polosa@soton.ac.uk
• Cochrane Db Syst Rev. 2002 Jan 1 (3): CD002872.

BackgroundThe evidence to support the use of nebulized morphine to improve dyspnoea and exercise limitation in terminally ill patients with chronic lung disease is conflicting.ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of nebulized morphine in reducing dyspnoea in patients with end-stage interstitial lung diseaseSearch StrategyRCTs and good quality CCTs were identified by searching Medline, Embase, Cinahl as well as the Cochrane controlled clinical trial register. The following search terms were used: (inhaled OR nebulised)/AND/morphine AND/Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/or/pulmonary fibrosis/or/idiopathic interstitial pneumonia/or/nonspecific interstitial pneumonia/or/non-specific interstitial pneumonia/or/usual interstitial pneumonia/or/desquamative interstitial pneumonia/or/cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis/or/interstitial pneumonia/or/idiopathic interstitial lung disease/or/chronic interstitial pneumoniaSelection CriteriaAny RCT and adequate quality CCT in adult patients with ILD that compared nebulized morphine with a control group.Data Collection And AnalysisOnly one small RCT was identified.Main ResultsCompared to placebo (normal saline), administration of low-dose nebulized morphine (2.5 and 5.0 mg) to six patients with ILD did not improve maximal exercise performance, and did not reduce dyspnoea during exercise.Reviewer's ConclusionsThe hypothesis that nebulized morphine may reduce dyspnoea in patients with interstitial lung disease has not been confirmed in the single small RCT identified.

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