• Lindsey L Cohen, Rebecca S Bernard, Laurie A Greco, and Catherine B McClellan.
• Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506-6040, USA. Lindsey.Cohen@Mail.WVU.edu
• J Pediatr Psychol. 2002 Dec 1;27(8):749-57.

ObjectiveTo examine the efficacy of training children to cope with immunization pain without the assistance of trained coaches and determine whether untrained parents or nurses are more effective at decreasing children's distress.MethodsWe compared the procedural coping and distress behavior of 31 3- to 7-year-old children trained in coping skills to 30 who did not receive training. The behavior of the untrained parents and nurses was evaluated as it related to child coping and distress.ResultsChildren demonstrated understanding of the training, but they did not use the coping skills during the procedure. In general, the nurses' behavior was associated with child coping and parents' behavior with child distress.ConclusionsMore extensive child training or the involvement of coaches for procedural distress might be necessary. Nurses' behavior appears to center on encouraging child coping, and parents tend to comfort child distress.

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