• C Woertgen, R D Rothoerl, M Wiesmann, U Missler, and A Brawanski.
• Department of Neurosurgery, University of Regensburg, Germany.
• Acta Neurochir. Suppl. 2002 Jan 1;81:205-7.

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the time course and the correlation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), protein S-100B, and neuron specific enolase (NSE) serum levels to the severity of traumatic brain injury in rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 65 S-100B, NSE group and n = 55 GFAP group) underwent a severe cortical impact injury (100PSI, 2 mm deformation). Blood samples were drawn directly after trauma, 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h post trauma as well as in sham operated animals directly after craniotomy, after 6 h and 48 h. Serum levels at different severities were estimated in 20 rats (45PSI, 75PSI, 2 mm deformation). We found a time-dependent release of NSE and GFAP into serum after trauma. The highest NSE values were detected six hours after trauma (31.5 micrograms/l, mean, p < 0.0001), the highest GFAP levels were measured one hour after trauma (0.079 microgram/l, mean, p < 0.0014). Additionally we found a close relationship between NSE serum levels and the severity of traumatic brain injury (45PSI = 12.7 micrograms/l, 75PSI = 16.17 micrograms/l, 100PSI = 28.45 micrograms/l, p < 0.05). S-100B serum levels showed an increase (0.92 microgram/l, p < 0.005) but no time-dependent release. S-100B and GFAP showed no relationship to trauma severity. Serum levels of GFAP, S-100B and NSE are significantly elevated in the early phase after experimental traumatic brain injury. In this experimental model of cortical impact injury only NSE, but not GFAP and S-100B serum levels are time-dependently correlated with the severity of cortical impact.

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