• Peadar Gilligan, Stephen Winder, Navin Ramphul, and Patrick O'kelly.
• Departments of aEmergency bInformation Technology cNephrology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. peadargilligan@beaumont.ie
• Eur J Emerg Med. 2010 Dec 1;17(6):349-53.

IntroductionIt has been suggested that inefficiency in the delivery of care in emergency departments (EDs) may contribute to their overcrowding. Specifically the duplication of work by the on take teams of the assessment already performed by the ED doctor has been identified as a possible contributor to prolonged waits for a hospital bed for those requiring admission. Anything that prolongs an individual patient's processing time will contribute to overcrowding.MethodsThis observational study was performed using a database of all patient attendances to examine the timeliness of the delivery of care to patients requiring admission through the ED and specifically to examine the impact of the referral process on the total time spent in the ED.ResultsBetween August 2006 and February 2007, 6973 (25.4%) patients were referred to the on take teams and admitted. The mean total time in the ED for the 4092 (58.7%) medical patients was 21 h 16 min (standard deviation 12 h 24 min) as compared with 14 h 28 min (standard deviation 10 h 46 min) for the 2852 (40.9%) surgical admissions (P<0.001). The referral process accounted for an average of 16.6% of the patient journey through the ED while access block accounted for an average of 59.6%.ConclusionThe overwhelming reason for prolonged waits and overcrowding in Irish EDs is not the duplication of work inherent in the referral process but it is because of a lack of acute hospital capacity.

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