• Yiannis L Katsogridakis, Roopa Seshadri, Christine Sullivan, and Mark L Waltzman.
• Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60614-3394, USA. ykatsogridakis@childrensmemorial.org
• Pediatr Emerg Care. 2008 Feb 1;24(2):83-8.

ObjectivesWe hypothesized that transillumination would increase peripheral intravenous (IV) insertion success rates in pediatric emergency department patients. Primary outcome was success in first attempt, and secondary outcome was success within 2 attempts.MethodsWe evaluated IV insertion by pediatric emergency department physicians and nurses using the Veinlite (TransLite, Sugar Land, Tex). Patients who required nonemergent IV insertion were enrolled if younger than 3 years or aged 3 to 21 years with a history of difficult access. Participants were randomly assigned to transillumination or nontransillumination. Analyses were performed using a mixed-effects logistic regression model adjusting for provider effect.ResultsWe evaluated 240 patients. After adjusting for significant covariates (safety catheter [P = 0.008], visibility [P = 0.01], and palpability [P = 0.03]) and controlling for provider effect, IV placement was more likely successful in first attempt in transilluminated patients (P = 0.03; odds ratio, 2.1 [95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.9]). After adjusting for significant covariates (safety catheter [P < 0.001], location [P = 0.005], and palpability [P = 0.05]) and controlling for provider effect, IV placement was more likely successful within 2 attempts in transilluminated patients (P = 0.01; odds ratio, 3.5 [95% confidence interval, 1.4-8.9]). Intracluster correlation for random effect of provider was 10% in first attempt and 16% within 2 attempts.ConclusionsAfter adjusting for multiple significant covariates and controlling for random effect of provider, our results indicated a benefit in the use of Veinlite transillumination for IV insertion in first attempt and within 2 attempts. This technique seemed to facilitate nonemergent IV placement in pediatric patients compared with standard practice.

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