• Benjamin Sadowitz, Shreyas Roy, Louis A Gatto, Nader Habashi, and Gary Nieman.
• Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
• Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2011 Dec 1;9(12):1169-78.

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain common complications of sepsis. Unfortunately, development of effective pharmacologic and ventilatory treatment strategies for sepsis-induced ALI/ARDS has not made significant progress over the past several decades. One of the major reasons for this conundrum involves the animal models used as platforms for testing new treatment strategies. High-fidelity, clinically translational, large animal models are essential for developing treatments that will ultimately be successful in human clinical trials. Additionally, treatment strategies purely based on pharmacologic intervention are largely destined for failure as the redundancies in the systemic inflammatory response largely negate the effectiveness of a single-action drug. Conversely, a treatment strategy based on the appropriate use of mechanical ventilation affects lung physiology on a breath-to-breath basis and has the potential to treat, and even prevent, the ALI/ARDS associated with sepsis.

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