• J Formos Med Assoc · Jun 2008

    Randomized Controlled Trial

    Effect of combining ultralow-dose naloxone with morphine in intravenous patient-controlled analgesia: the cut-off ratio of naloxone to morphine for antiemesis after gynecologic surgery.

    • Yu-Chang Yeh, Tzu-Fu Lin, Chen-Hua Wang, Yong-Ping Wang, Chen-Jung Lin, and Wei-Zen Sun.
    • Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
    • J Formos Med Assoc. 2008 Jun 1;107(6):478-84.

    Background/PurposeAdmixing an ultralow dose of naloxone with intravenous morphine patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) has been shown to decrease postoperative nausea. However, the cut-off ratio of the naloxone-morphine admixture for antiemetic effects has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cut-off ratio of naloxone-morphine admixture in PCA for antiemesis after gynecologic surgery.MethodsThis double-blind study enrolled 120 female patients who were scheduled for gynecologic surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups (n = 40 for each group). The concentration of naloxone and morphine respectively was 0 microg/mL and 1 mg/mL in group 1, 0.1 microg/mL and 1 mg/mL in group 2 (1:10,000), and 1 microg/mL and 1 mg/mL in group 3 (1:1000). Morphine consumption, verbal rating score of wound pain at rest and with exertion, and morphine-related side effects were investigated at 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours postoperatively.ResultsA total of 112 patients completed the study (37 in group 1, 36 in group 2, 39 in group 3). The incidence of nausea during the postoperative 4-24 hours was significantly lower in group 3 than in group 1 (23.1% vs. 56.8%, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the overall incidence of severe nausea was significantly lower in group 3 than in group 1 (2.6% vs. 24.3%, p < 0.05) as was the rescue antiemetic requirements (5.1% vs. 24.3%, p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between groups 2 and 1. The pain scores (at rest and with exertion) and 24-hour morphine consumption were not significantly different among the three groups.ConclusionThe antiemetic efficacy of ultralow-dose naloxone combined with PCA morphine is limited by a cut-off ratio of naloxone to morphine of 1:10,000.

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