• Xianzhao Wei, Ximing Xu, Yongfei Zhao, Wen Hu, Yushu Bai, and Ming Li.
• Orthopaedic Department of Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No 168, Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
• J Clin Epidemiol. 2015 Oct 1; 68 (10): 1205-12.

ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to obtain a cross-cultural adaptation and evaluation of a Simplified Chinese (SC) version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) for use in patients with low back pain (LBP).Study Design And SettingThe TSK was translated and adapted cross-culturally following international guidelines. It was administered to 150 patients with LBP along with the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, Oswestry Disability Index, Short Form Health Survey, and a pain visual analog scale assessment. Measurement properties, including content validity, construct validity (structural validity and hypotheses testing), internal consistency, and test-retest reliability, were tested.ResultsThe final analysis included data from 142 patients. Content validity analysis led to the exclusion of four reverse-scored items due to low item-total correlation. Structural validity analysis favored a three-factor structure: somatic focus, activity avoidance, and avoidance belief. Construct validity analysis confirmed 9 of 11 a priori hypotheses. Both the 17-item and 13-item versions of the SC-TSK had excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.74 and 0.82, all values, respectively) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.86, 0.90).ConclusionTSK was adapted successfully into an SC version with excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability and with acceptable construct validity. A 13-item, three-factored SC-TSK structure was deemed to be a good fit for Chinese patients and appropriate for clinical and research use in mainland China.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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