-
- Sheila A Decker and Anne G Perry.
- The University of Iowa College of Nursing, NB 462, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. sheila-decker@uiowa.edu
- Pain Manag Nurs. 2003 Jun 1;4(2):77-86.
AbstractThe purposes of this study were to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of an instrument with nonverbal cues to assess pain in confused older adults, and to describe the differences among selected demographic variables and scores on the pain and confusion measures. The Pain Assessment Tool in Confused Older Adults (PATCOA) was evaluated with 116 cognitively intact older adults undergoing orthopedic surgery. The interrater reliability for each nonverbal cue ranged from 56.5% to 100%, and the Spearman correlations were .16 to 1.00. Nine nonverbal pain cues were subjected to exploratory factor analysis. Four components explained 69.83% variance. Older adults reported significantly higher levels of pain on the visual analog scale, yet age was not related to the nonverbal pain cues. Women reported significantly more pain than did men. No significant gender differences were found regarding the display of nonverbal pain cues and the level of acute confusion, or with race and self-report of pain, display of nonverbal pain cues, or level of confusion. The development and testing of the PATCOA are initial steps that contribute to our knowledge about acute pain assessment in confused older adults.
Notes
Knowledge, pearl, summary or comment to share?You can also include formatting, links, images and footnotes in your notes
- Simple formatting can be added to notes, such as
*italics*
,_underline_
or**bold**
. - Superscript can be denoted by
<sup>text</sup>
and subscript<sub>text</sub>
. - Numbered or bulleted lists can be created using either numbered lines
1. 2. 3.
, hyphens-
or asterisks*
. - Links can be included with:
[my link to pubmed](http://pubmed.com)
- Images can be included with:
![alt text](https://bestmedicaljournal.com/study_graph.jpg "Image Title Text")
- For footnotes use
[^1](This is a footnote.)
inline. - Or use an inline reference
[^1]
to refer to a longer footnote elseweher in the document[^1]: This is a long footnote.
.