• Allistair Paul McRobert, Joe Causer, John Vassiliadis, Leonie Watterson, James Kwan, and Mark A Williams.
• Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK. a.p.mcrobert@ljmu.ac.uk
• BMJ Qual Saf. 2013 Jun 1;22(6):478-84.

BackgroundIt is well documented that adaptations in cognitive processes with increasing skill levels support decision making in multiple domains. We examined skill-based differences in cognitive processes in emergency medicine physicians, and whether performance was significantly influenced by the removal of contextual information related to a patient's medical history.MethodSkilled (n=9) and less skilled (n=9) emergency medicine physicians responded to high-fidelity simulated scenarios under high- and low-context information conditions.ResultsSkilled physicians demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy irrespective of condition, and were less affected by the removal of context-specific information compared with less skilled physicians. The skilled physicians generated more options, and selected better quality options during diagnostic reasoning compared with less skilled counterparts. These cognitive processes were active irrespective of the level of context-specific information presented, although high-context information enhanced understanding of the patients' symptoms resulting in higher diagnostic accuracy.ConclusionsOur findings have implications for scenario design and the manipulation of contextual information during simulation training.

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