• Helena Krakowczyk, Edyta Machura, Malgorzata Rusek-Zychma, Ewelina Chrobak, and Katarzyna Ziora.
• Prz. Lek. 2014 Jan 1;71(6):323-7.

IntroductionKetosis in children may result from physiological adaptation to situations like fasting, fat-rich diet, straining physical activity, as well as from serious endocrine or metabolic disorders. The most frequently diagnosed cause of ketoacidosis are states of acetonemia and acetonuria with vomiting, during airways infections.GoalAssessment of the natural history and clinical presentation of acetonemic vomiting in children.Patients And Methods85 children from 18 months to 12 years of age with acetonemic vomiting were incorporated in this study. Detailed anamnesis, clinical examination, and chosen laboratory parameters were analyzed.ResultsIn 18% of the children a familial pattern of the disease was observed, 75% of the parents declared that their children had fat-rich meals on a regular basis, in 47% there was a tendency to recurrent respiratory tract. The most frequently observed symptoms were incoercible vomiting with nausea (100%), abdominal pain (87%), headaches (35%) and febrile states (62%). Ketosis triggers were: infections with insufficient fluid and food intake (68%), and child overfeeding with fat-rich products (23%). Observed biochemical disturbances were ketosis (mean J3-hydroxybutyric acid serum concentration--1.03 mmol/l, SD +/- 0.83), acetonuria, hypoglycemia (15%), metabolic acidosis (17%) and dyselectrolytemia (14%). The treatment of the children consisted in intravenous and oral rehydration, managing acid-base and electrolyte disturbances.ConclusionIn some children acetonemic vomiting is recurrent, and thus prophylactic management is im- portant in children who are at risk.

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