• Hsu-Wen Chou, Jiun-Ling Wang, Chia-Hsuin Chang, Chao-Lun Lai, Mei-Shu Lai, and K Arnold Chan.
• Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei.
• Clin. Infect. Dis. 2015 Feb 15;60(4):566-77.

BackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated increased cardiovascular mortality related to azithromycin and levofloxacin. Risks associated with alternative drugs in the same class, including clarithromycin and moxifloxacin, were unknown. We used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database to perform a nationwide, population-based study comparing the risks of ventricular arrhythmia and cardiovascular death among patients using these antibiotics.MethodsBetween January 2001 and November 2011, a total of 10 684 100 patients were prescribed oral azithromycin, clarithromycin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, or amoxicillin-clavulanate at outpatient visits. A logistic regression model adjusted for propensity score was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for adverse cardiac outcomes occurring within 7 days after the initiation of antibiotic treatment.ResultsCompared with amoxicillin-clavulanate treatment, the use of azithromycin and moxifloxacin was associated with significant increases in the risks of ventricular arrhythmia and cardiovascular death. The adjusted ORs for ventricular arrhythmia were 4.32 (95% CI, 2.95-6.33) for azithromycin, 3.30 (95% CI, 2.07-5.25) for moxifloxacin, and 1.41 (95% CI, .91-2.18) for levofloxacin. For cardiovascular death, the adjusted ORs for azithromycin, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin were 2.62 (95% CI, 1.69-4.06), 2.31 (95% CI, 1.39-3.84), and 1.77 (95% CI, 1.22-2.59), respectively. No association was noted between clarithromycin or ciprofloxacin and adverse cardiac outcomes.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals should consider the small but significant increased risk of ventricular arrhythmia and cardiovascular death when prescribing azithromycin and moxifloxacin. Additional research is needed to determine whether the increased risk of mortality is caused by the drugs or related to the severity of infection or the pathogens themselves.© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

37 keywords...

hide…