• R-P Vonberg and P Gastmeier.
• Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover. Vonberg.Ralf@MH-Hannover.de
• Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2005 Aug 1;40(8):453-8.

AbstractSeveral reasons such as ignorance, convenience, or economical considerations might lead to disobeying basic hygiene measures in anaesthesia. The most important recommendations are for: 1. General anaesthesia: bacterial filters prevent breathing circuit contamination from patient's expiratory secretions. This way reprocessing of reusable components is required only once a day or in case an external contamination has occurred; 2. Neuraxial blockade: use of sterile gloves, a surgical face mask, and a sterile gown is recommended; 3. Intravenous anaesthesia: equipment not manufactured for re-use may not be used for more than one patient under any circumstances. One-way-valves do not securely prevent retrograde contamination of the infusion system. Do not use multi dose vials unless declared by manufacturer. Alcoholic hand disinfection is the most important measure in order to avoid nosocomial pathogen transmission and infection.

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