• Jesse A Stokum, Chandler Sours, Jiachen Zhuo, Robert Kane, Kathirkamanthan Shanmuganathan, and Rao P Gullapalli.
• Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine .
• Brain Inj. 2015 Jan 1; 29 (1): 47-57.

Primary ObjectiveTo investigate longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) changes in white and grey matter in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).Research DesignA prospective case-control study.Methods And ProceduresDKI data was obtained from 24 patients with mTBI along with cognitive assessments within 10 days, 1 month and 6 months post-injury and compared with age-matched control (n¼ 24). Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusion (l(r)), mean kurtosis (MK) and radial kurtosis (Kr) were extracted from the thalamus, internal capsule and corpus callosum.Main Outcomes And ResultsResults demonstrate reduced Kr and MK in the anterior internal capsule in patients with mTBI across the three visits, and reduced MK in the posterior internal capsule during the 10 day time point. Correlations were observed between the change in MK or Kr between 1–6 months and the improvements in cognition between the 1 and 6 month visits in the thalamus, internal capsule and corpus callosum.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that DKI may be sensitive in tracking pathophysiological changes associated with mTBI and may provide additional information to conventional DTI parameters in evaluating longitudinal changes following TBI.

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