• Marc Moss, Amy Nordon-Craft, Dan Malone, David Van Pelt, Stephen K Frankel, Mary Laird Warner, Wendy Kriekels, Monica McNulty, Diane L Fairclough, and Margaret Schenkman.
• 1 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine.
• Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2016 May 15; 193 (10): 1101-10.

RationaleEarly physical therapy (PT) interventions may benefit patients with acute respiratory failure by preventing or attenuating neuromuscular weakness. However, the optimal dosage of these interventions is currently unknown.ObjectivesTo determine whether an intensive PT program significantly improves long-term physical functional performance compared with a standard-of-care PT program.MethodsPatients who required mechanical ventilation for at least 4 days were eligible. Enrolled patients were randomized to receive PT for up to 4 weeks delivered in an intensive or standard-of-care manner. Physical functional performance was assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months in survivors who were not currently in an acute or long-term care facility. The primary outcome was the Continuous Scale Physical Functional Performance Test short form (CS-PFP-10) score at 1 month.Measurements And Main ResultsA total of 120 patients were enrolled from five hospitals. Patients in the intensive PT group received 12.4 ± 6.5 sessions for a total of 408 ± 261 minutes compared with only 6.1 ± 3.8 sessions for 86 ± 63 minutes in the standard-of-care group (P < 0.001 for both analyses). Physical function assessments were available for 86% of patients at 1 month, for 76% at 3 months, and for 60% at 6 months. In both groups, physical function was reduced yet significantly improved over time between 1, 3, and 6 months. When we compared the two interventions, we found no differences in the total CS-PFP-10 scores at all three time points (P = 0.73, 0.29, and 0.43, respectively) or in the total CS-PFP-10 score trajectory (P = 0.71).ConclusionsAn intensive PT program did not improve long-term physical functional performance compared with a standard-of-care program. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01058421).

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