• Manuel Boller, Joshua W Lampe, Joseph M Katz, Denise Barbut, and Lance B Becker.
• Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146, United States. mboller@vet.upenn.edu
• Resuscitation. 2010 Aug 1;81(8):1025-30.

AimIn patients with cardiopulmonary arrest, brain cooling may improve neurological outcome, especially if applied prior to or during early reperfusion. Thus it is important to develop feasible cooling methods for pre-hospital use. This study examines cerebral and compartmental thermokinetic properties of nasopharyngeal cooling during various blood flow states.MethodsTen swine (40+/-4kg) were anesthetized, intubated and monitored. Temperature was determined in the frontal lobe of the brain, in the aorta, and in the rectum. After the preparatory phase the cooling device (RhinoChill system), which produces evaporative cooling in the nasopharyngeal area, was activated for 60min. The thermokinetic response was evaluated during stable anaesthesia (NF, n=3); during untreated cardiopulmonary arrest (ZF, n=3); during CPR (LF, n=4).ResultsEffective brain cooling was achieved in all groups with a median cerebral temperature decrease of -4.7 degrees C for NF, -4.3 degrees C for ZF and -3.4 degrees C for LF after 60min. The initial brain cooling rate however was fastest in NF, followed by LF, and was slowest in ZF; the median brain temperature decrease from baseline after 15min of cooling was -2.48 degrees C for NF, -0.12 degrees C for ZF, and -0.93 degrees C for LF, respectively. A median aortic temperature change of -2.76 degrees C for NF, -0.97 for LF and +1.1 degrees C for ZF after 60min indicated preferential brain cooling in all groups.ConclusionWhile nasopharyngeal cooling in swine is effective at producing preferential cerebral hypothermia in various blood flow states, initial brain cooling is most efficient with normal circulation.Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

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