• Shiming Zhou, Rui Zhou, Tingting Zhong, Rui Li, Jun Tan, and Huadong Zhou.
• Department of Neurology, Daping hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China. zhouhuad@163.com.
• Curr Alzheimer Res. 2014 Jan 1;11(9):899-907.

BackgroundPrevious studies relating smoking and alcohol drinking with the incidence of dementia have been inconsistent.ObjectivesWe assessed whether smoking and alcohol drinking was associated with the risk of dementia, including Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) after seven years of follow-up.DesignWe prospectively analysed the incidence of dementia from 2004 to 2011 among 2959 elderly men, according to their smoking and alcohol drinking status.Settingsix neighbourhoods from three districts mentioned in Chongqing city.ParticipantsA total of 3170 men were followed up annually for 7 years.MeasurementsCox proportional hazards models were established to evaluate the association between smoking, alcohol drinking and the risk of dementia.ResultsThe incidences of AD and VaD were higher respectively in current smoking than never smoking, daily drinking than never drinking over 7 years of follow-up (p<0.01). After adjusting for age and other potential confounders, current smoking was associated with increased risk of AD (HR= 2.14, 95% CI 1.20-4.46) and VaD (HR= 3.28, 95% CI 1.14-4.52), meanwhile, daily drinking was related to increased risk of AD (HR= 2.25, 95% CI 1.43-3.97) and VaD (HR= 3.42, 95% CI 1.18-4.51). In addition, co-smoking and drinking were related to with a significantly higher risk of AD and VaD than non-smoking and drinking (HR= 3.03, 95% CI 1.65-4.19) and VaD (HR= 3.96, 95% CI 1.64-4.71). Moreover, co-smoking and drinking had higher risk of AD and VaD compared with current smoking and daily drinking.ConclusionsCurrent smoking and daily drinking were found to be significantly associated with dementia in elderly men.

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