• C R Chu, N J Izzo, C H Coyle, N E Papas, and A Logar.
• Cartilage Restoration Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, 3471 Fifth Ave, Suite 911, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. chucr@upmc.edu
• J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008 Jun 1;90(6):814-20.

AbstractWe have studied the effects of bupivacaine on human and bovine articular chondrocytes in vitro. Time-lapse confocal microscopy of human articular chondrocytes showed > 95% cellular death after exposure to 0.5% bupivacaine for 30 minutes. Human and bovine chondrocytes exposed to 0.25% bupivacaine had a time-dependent reduction in viability, with longer exposure times resulting in higher cytotoxicity. Cellular death continued even after removal of 0.25% bupivacaine. After exposure to 0.25% bupivacaine for 15 minutes, flow cytometry showed bovine chondrocyte viability to be 41% of saline control after seven days. After exposure to 0.125% bupivacaine for up to 60 minutes, the viability of both bovine and human chondrocytes was similar to that of control groups. These data show that prolonged exposure 0.5% and 0.25% bupivacaine solutions are potentially chondrotoxic.

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