• J Neuroradiology · Oct 2012

    Case Reports

    Gadolinium enhancement in brain magnetic resonance imaging in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after natalizumab monotherapy: is it really atypical?

    • F-X Arnaud, A Hissene, D Métivier, F Dutasta, O Berets, B N'guema, C A'teriitéhau, J Baccialone, and J Potet.
    • Department of Radiology, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, 101 Avenue Henri-Barbusse, 92141 Clamart Cedex, France. fx.arnaud@yahoo.fr
    • J Neuroradiology. 2012 Oct 1;39(4):267-70.

    AbstractProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) generally occurs in patients with impaired cellular immunity. Monoclonal antibodies also predispose the patient to PML as they depress the immune system. PML was classically characterized by a lack of inflammation and absence of gadolinium enhancement. However, gadolinium enhancement of PML lesions was first described in HIV-positive patients under therapy. We present a case of gadolinium enhanced PML lesions occuring after natalizumab monotherapy of a relapsing multiple sclerosis. Radiologists must be aware of this particular feature, as confirmation of the diagnostic of PML becomes more challenging. Namely, distinction between starting PML and multiple sclerosis enhanced additional active lesion is difficult and diagnosis must be established by combined analysis of full clinical evolution, brain MRI scans, and polymerase chain reaction of cerebrospinal fluid.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

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