• E E Labbé and C H Ward.
• Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile 36688.
• J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1990 Apr 1;11(2):65-8.

AbstractA multiple-baseline across subjects design was used to evaluate the effects of electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback on muscle-contraction headaches reported by two adolescent females. Subsequent to baseline, each child participated in seven treatment sessions conducted over an 8-week interval. Treatment sessions consisted of 10 min of adaptation (baseline), 15 min of EMG biofeedback, and 5 min of self-control during which the child continued to decrease muscle tension without feedback. Children were instructed to practice self-control of relaxation at home. Self-reports of headache frequency, duration and intensity were recorded throughout the study. Results indicate that headache activity was reduced as a function of EMG biofeedback, mental imagery, and home practice and remained below baseline levels during 6-month and 1-year follow-up assessments. Findings are discussed in terms of the paucity of published studies investigating the efficacy of EMG biofeedback as a treatment for pediatric muscle-contraction headache.

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