• Toxicology letters · Nov 1998

    Review

    Macroscopic sites of anesthetic action: brain versus spinal cord.

    • J F Antognini and E Carstens.
    • Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA. jfantognini@ucdavis.edu
    • Toxicol. Lett. 1998 Nov 23;100-101:51-8.

    Abstract1. General anesthesia is achieved by anesthetic action in the central nervous system (CNS). 2. Whereas amnesia and unconsciousness are due to anesthetic action in the brain, recent evidence suggests that immobility in response to a noxious stimulus is achieved by anesthetic effects in the spinal cord. The putative spinal cord site(s) include dorsal horn cells and motor neurons. 3. The extent to which anesthetic action in the brain influences the spinal cord probably varies among anesthetics. Furthermore, anesthetics can indirectly influence the brain by their actions within the spinal cord, i.e. by modulating ascending transmission of sensory information.

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