• Mitra Barati, Farshid Rahimi Bashar, Reza Shahrami, Mohammad Hossein Jarrah Zadeh, Mahshid Talebi Taher, and Marzieh Nojomi.
• Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. mitra_baraty@yahoo.com
• J Crit Care. 2010 Jun 1;25(2):362.e1-6.

PurposeEarly diagnosis and assessment of the systemic inflammatory response to infection are difficult with usual markers (fever, leukocytosis, C-reactive protein [CRP]). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) expression on phagocytes is up-regulated by microbial products. We studied the ability of soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) to identify patients with sepsis.Materials And MethodsPlasma samples were obtained on intensive care unit admission from patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome for sTREM-1 measurement.ResultsSoluble TREM-1, CRP concentrations and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were higher in the sepsis group (n = 52) than in the non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome group (n = 43; P = .00, .02, and .001, respectively). Soluble TREM-1, CRP concentrations, white blood cell count and ESR were higher in the sepsis group than in the non SIRS group (n = 37; P = .04, .00, .01, and .00, respectively). In a receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, ESR, CRP and sTREM-1 had an area under the curve larger than 0.65 (P = .00), in distinguishing between septic and non-infectious SIRS patients. CRP, ESR, sTREM-1 had a sensitivity of 60%, 70% and 70% and a specificity of 60%, 69% and, 60% respectively in diagnosing infection in SIRS.ConclusionC-reactive protein and ESR performed better than sTREM-1 and white blood cell count in diagnosing infection.Copyright (c) 2010. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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