• Michael Schwameis, Nina Buchtele, Andreas Schober, Christian Schoergenhofer, Peter Quehenberger, and Bernd Jilma.
• Departments of aClinical Pharmacology bEmergency Medicine cInternal Medicine I, Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology dDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria... more . less
• Eur J Emerg Med. 2017 Oct 1; 24 (5): 340-346.

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence, characteristics and prognosis of overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in adult emergency department (ED) patients and identify markers of poor outcome.Materials And MethodsIn a chart review study, we analysed the occurrence of overt DIC in all patients (n=1 001 727) attending the University's ED from 2003 to 2014 applying the ISTH DIC score. The primary outcome measure was 30-day mortality. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of mortality.ResultsThe initial inter-rater reliability in the diagnosis of DIC was 0.85 [κ; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.77-0.92]. The main DIC precipitators were malignancy (47%), cardiovascular diseases (CVD, 27%) and sepsis (16%). Hyperfibrinolytic DIC occurred in 27% of patients and was over-represented in those with cardiac arrest (68%). Thirty-day mortality (52%) was inversely associated with fibrinogen levels on admission [adjusted odds ratio, 0.49; 95% CI: 0.30-0.82; P=0.006]. Afibrinogenaemia implied an even 10-fold increased risk of dying (crude odds ratio, 10.0; 95% CI: 3.2-31.4; P<0.001). D-dimer and platelet count had no predictive value. Appropriate ICD-10 coding for DIC was present in only 1.8% of cases.ConclusionOvert DIC is a rare but underdiagnosed event in ED patients. In this collective, cardiac arrest is a dominant cause of DIC presenting with a fibrinolytic phenotype. The degree of hypofibrinogenaemia on admission strongly and linearly predicted early death.

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