• Arch Surg · Feb 2008

    Comparative Study

    Moving beyond personnel and process: a case for incorporating outcome measures in the trauma center designation process.

    • Shahid Shafi, Randall Friese, and Larry M Gentilello.
    • Division of Burn, Trauma, and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9158, USA. shahid.shafi@utsouthwestern.edu
    • Arch Surg. 2008 Feb 1;143(2):115-9; discussion 120.

    HypothesisSimilarly designated trauma centers do not achieve similar outcomes.DesignOutcomes study.SettingAcademic research.ParticipantsForty-seven American College of Surgeons-verified level I trauma centers that contributed more than 1000 patients to the National Trauma Data Bank (from January 1999 to December 2003) were identified.Main Outcome MeasuresPatients were classified into the following 3 injury severity groups using a combination of anatomical and physiological measures: mild (Injury Severity Score [ISS] of <25 with systolic blood pressure [SBP] of >/=90 mm Hg [n = 184 650]), moderate (ISS of >/=25 with SBP of >/=90 mm Hg or ISS of <25 with SBP of <90 mm Hg [n = 22 586]), and severe (ISS of >/=25 with SBP of <90 mm Hg [n = 4243]). The mean survival for each group was calculated. Individual centers were considered outliers if their patient survival was statistically significantly different from the mean survival for each severity group.ResultsThe mean survival of patients with mild, moderate, and severe injuries was 99%, 75%, and 35%, respectively. For mild injuries, survival at 5 centers (11%) was significantly worse than that at their counterpart centers. With increasing injury severity, the percentages of outcome disparities increased (15% of centers for moderate injuries and 21% of centers for severe injuries) and persisted in subgroups of patients with head injuries, patients sustaining penetrating injuries, and older (>55 years) individuals.ConclusionsWhen treating patients with similar injury severity, similarly designated level I trauma centers may not achieve similar outcomes, suggesting the existence of a quality chasm in trauma care. Trauma center verification may require the use of outcome measures when determining trauma center status.

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