• Magali Colombat, Hervé Mal, Christiane Copie-Bergman, Jacques Diebold, Diane Damotte, Patrice Callard, Michel Fournier, Jean-Pierre Farcet, Marc Stern, and Marie-Hélène Delfau-Larue.
• Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Tenon, Service d'anatomie pathologique, Paris, France.
• Blood. 2008 Sep 1;112(5):2004-12.

AbstractWe have recently described a new form of light chain deposition disease (LCDD) presenting as a severe cystic lung disorder requiring lung transplantation. There was no bone marrow plasma cell proliferation. Because of the absence of disease recurrence after bilateral lung transplantation and of serum-free light chain ratio normalization after the procedure, we hypothesized that monoclonal light chain synthesis occurred within the lung. The aim of this study was to look for the monoclonal B-cell component in 3 patients with cystic lung LCDD. Histologic examination of the explanted lungs showed diffuse nonamyloid kappa light chain deposits associated with a mild lymphoid infiltrate composed of aggregates of small CD20(+), CD5(-), CD10(-) B lymphocytes reminiscent of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we identified a dominant B-cell clone in the lung in the 3 studied patients. The clonal expansion of each patient shared an unmutated antigen receptor variable region sequence characterized by the use of IGHV4-34 and IGKV1 subgroups with heavy and light chain CDR3 sequences of more than 80% amino acid identity, a feature evocative of an antigen-driven process. Combined with clinical and biologic data, our results strongly argue for a new antigen-driven primary pulmonary lymphoproliferative disorder.

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