• Martin O'Neill and Wolfram Schultz.
• Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB23DY, UK. mo293@cam.ac.uk
• Neuron. 2010 Nov 18;68(4):789-800.

AbstractRisky decision-making is altered in humans and animals with damage to the orbitofrontal cortex. However, the cellular function of the intact orbitofrontal cortex in processing information relevant for risky decisions is unknown. We recorded responses of single orbitofrontal neurons while monkeys viewed visual cues representing the key decision parameters, reward risk and value. Risk was defined as the mathematical variance of binary symmetric probability distributions of reward magnitudes; value was defined as non-risky reward magnitude. Monkeys displayed graded behavioral preferences for risky outcomes, as they did for value. A population of orbitofrontal neurons showed a distinctive risk signal: their cues and reward responses covaried monotonically with the variance of the different reward distributions without monotonically coding reward value. Furthermore, a small but statistically significant fraction of risk responses also coded reward value. These risk signals may provide physiological correlates for the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in risk processing.Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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