• Jian-Qiang Lu, Cian O'Kelly, Safwat Girgis, Derek Emery, Christopher Power, and Gregg Blevins.
• Neuropathology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: jlu5@ualberta.ca.
• World Neurosurg. 2016 Apr 1; 88: 692.e1-692.e8.

BackgroundPrimary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive lymphoma confined to the CNS. Although the pathogenesis of PCNSL in immunocompetent individuals remains unclear, there have been several case studies demonstrating the "sentinel" inflammatory lesions months before the manifestation of PCNSL. However, the pathologic relationship between the inflammatory lesions and subsequent PCNSL is still unknown.Case DescriptionWe present the case of a 44-year-old immunocompetent woman who developed several cerebral and cerebellar lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A partial resection of the cerebellar contrast-enhancing lesion showed active inflammation with large destructive process but no evidence of B-cell lymphoma. Her disease was in a relapsing-remitting course for 28 months and progressed with new MRI findings of more contrast-enhancing lesions. She died at 33 months after the initial presentation. Postmortem examination revealed B-cell PCNSL with extensive involvement but sparing a few brain regions, including the previous resection site, with only an inflammatory destructive process.ConclusionsPCNSL may be preceded and accompanied by an inflammatory process that is pathologically distinct from PCNSL. Our case study, in combination with a review of previously published similar cases, supports the hypothesis that the "sentinel" inflammatory lesions may be the first immune response against PCNSL.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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