• Josephine Gwynn, Mark Lock, Nicole Turner, Ray Dennison, Clare Coleman, Brian Kelly, and John Wiggers.
• Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
• Aust J Rural Health. 2015 Aug 1; 23 (4): 235-42.

ProblemGaps exist in researchers' understanding of the 'practice' of community governance in relation to research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.DesignWe examine Aboriginal community governance of two rural NSW research projects by applying principles-based criteria from two independent sources.SettingOne research project possessed a strong Aboriginal community governance structure and evaluated a 2-year healthy lifestyle program for children; the other was a 5-year cohort study examining factors influencing the mental health and well-being of participants.Key Measures For ImprovementThe National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia's 'Values and ethics: guidelines for ethical conduct in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research' and 'Ten principles relevant to health research among Indigenous Australian populations' described by experts in the field.Strategies For ChangeAdopt community-based participatory research constructs. Develop clear governance structures and procedures at the beginning of the study and allow sufficient time for their establishment. Capacity-building must be a key component of the research. Ensure sufficient resources to enable community engagement, conduct of research governance procedures, capacity-building and results dissemination.Effects Of ChangeThe implementation of governance structures and procedures ensures research addresses the priorities of the participating Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, minimises risks and improves outcomes for the communities.Lessons LearntPrinciples-based Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community governance of research is very achievable. Next steps include developing a comprehensive evidence base for appropriate governance structures and procedures, and consolidating a suite of practical guides for structuring clear governance in health research.© 2015 National Rural Health Alliance Inc.

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