• Catherine Fischer, Jacques Luauté, Patrice Adeleine, and Dominique Morlet.
• Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France. catherine.fischer@chu-lyon.fr
• Neurology. 2004 Aug 24;63(4):669-73.

ObjectivesTo determine the prognostic role of late auditory (N100) and cognitive evoked potentials (MMN) for awakening in a cohort of comatose patients categorized by etiology.MethodsThe authors prospectively studied a series of 346 comatose patients. Coma was caused by stroke (n = 125), trauma (n = 96), anoxia (n = 64), complications of neurosurgery (n = 54), and encephalitis (n = 7). Patients were followed for 12 months and classified as awake or unawake. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using regression logistic and Cox models.ResultsPupillary light reflex, N100, middle-latency auditory evoked potentials, age, and etiology were the most discriminating factors for awakening. Statistical analysis showed that pupillary reflex was the strongest prognostic variable for awakening (estimated probability 79.7%). The estimated probability of awakening rose to 87% when N100 was present and to 89.9% when middle-latency evoked potentials (MLAEPs) were present. It was 13.7% when pupillary reflex was absent in anoxic patients. When MMN was present, 88.6% of patients awakened. No patient in whom MMN was present became permanently vegetative.ConclusionPupillary reflex is the strongest prognostic variable, followed by N100 and MLAEPs allowing a reliable model for awakening. The presence of MMN is a predictor of awakening and precludes comatose patients from moving to a permanent vegetative state. Evaluation of primary sensory cortex and higher-order processes by middle-latency-, late, and cognitive evoked potentials should be performed in the prognosis for awakening in comatose patients.

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