• Maria J Masdeu, Amit V Patel, Vijay Seelall, David M Rapoport, and Indu Ayappa.
• Pulmonary Department, Corporacio Sanitaria Parc Tauli, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain.
• Sleep. 2012 Feb 1;35(2):263-72.

Study ObjectivesPatients with obstructive sleep apnea may have difficulty exhaling against positive pressure, hence limiting their acceptance of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). C-Flex is designed to improve comfort by reducing pressure in the mask during expiration proportionally to expiratory airflow (3 settings correspond to increasing pressure changes). When patients use CPAP, nasal resistance determines how much higher supraglottic pressure is than mask pressure. We hypothesized that increased nasal resistance results in increased expiratory supraglottic pressure swings that could be mitigated by the effects of C-Flex on mask pressure.DesignCohort study.SettingSleep center.ParticipantsSeventeen patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome and a mechanical model of the upper airway.InterventionsIn patients on fixed CPAP, CPAP with different C-Flex levels was applied multiple times during the night. In the model, 2 different respiratory patterns and resistances were tested.Measurements And ResultsAirflow, expiratory mask, and supraglottic pressures were measured on CPAP and on C-Flex. Swings in pressure during expiration were determined. On CPAP, higher nasal resistance produced greater expiratory pressure swings in the supraglottis in the patients and in the model, as expected. C-Flex 3 produced expiratory drops in mask pressure (range -0.03 to -2.49 cm H(2)O) but mitigated the expiratory pressure rise in the supraglottis only during a sinusoidal respiratory pattern in the model.ConclusionsExpiratory changes in mask pressure induced by C-Flex did not uniformly transmit to the supraglottis in either patients with obstructive sleep apnea on CPAP or in a mechanical model of the upper airway with fixed resistance. Data suggest that the observed lack of expiratory drop in supraglottic pressure swings is related to dynamics of the C-Flex algorithm.

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