• Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. · Nov 2009

    Comparative Study

    Imaging cellular proliferation during chemo-radiotherapy: a pilot study of serial 18F-FLT positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging for non-small-cell lung cancer.

    • Sarah Everitt, Rodney J Hicks, David Ball, Tomas Kron, Michal Schneider-Kolsky, Tania Walter, David Binns, and Michael Mac Manus.
    • Radiation Therapy Services, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sarah.Everitt@petermac.org
    • Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2009 Nov 15;75(4):1098-104.

    PurposeTo establish whether (18)F-3'-deoxy-3'-fluoro-L-thymidine ((18)F-FLT) can monitor changes in cellular proliferation of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) during radical chemo-radiotherapy (chemo-RT).Methods And MaterialsAs part of a prospective pilot study, 5 patients with locally advanced NSCLC underwent serial (18)F-FLT positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scans during treatment. Baseline (18)F-FLT PET/CT scans were compared with routine staging (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans. Two on-treatment (18)F-FLT scans were performed for each patient on Days 2, 8, 15 or 29, providing a range of time points for response assessment.ResultsIn all 5 patients, baseline lesional uptake of (18)F-FLT on PET/CT corresponded to staging (18)F-FDG PET/CT abnormalities. (18)F-FLT uptake in tumor was observed on five of nine (55%) on-treatment scans, on Days 2, 8 and 29, but not Day 15. A "flare" of (18)F-FLT uptake in the primary tumor of one case was observed after 2 Gy of radiation (1.22 x baseline). The remaining eight on-treatment scans demonstrated a mean reduction in (18)F-FLT tumor uptake of 0.58 x baseline. A marked reduction of (18)F-FLT uptake in irradiated bone marrow was observed for all cases. This reduction was observed even after only 2 Gy, and all patients demonstrated a complete absence of proliferating marrow after 10 Gy.ConclusionsThis proof of concept study indicates that (18)F-FLT uptake can monitor the distinctive biologic responses of epithelial cancers and highly radiosensitive normal tissue changes during radical chemo-RT. Further studies of (18)F-FLT PET/CT imaging during therapy may suggest that this tracer is useful in developing response-adapted RT for NSCLC.

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