• Eliane Terezinha Afonso, Ruth Minamisava, Ana Luiza Bierrenbach, Juan Jose Cortez Escalante, Airlane Pereira Alencar, Carla Magda Domingues, Otaliba Libanio Morais-Neto, Cristiana Maria Toscano, and Ana Lucia Andrade.
• Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil.
• Emerging Infect. Dis. 2013 Apr 1;19(4):589-97.

AbstractPneumonia is most problematic for children in developing countries. In 2010, Brazil introduced a 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) to its National Immunization Program. To assess the vaccine's effectiveness for preventing pneumonia, we analyzed rates of hospitalization among children 2-24 months of age who had pneumonia from all causes from January 2005 through August 2011. We used data from the National Hospitalization Information System to conduct an interrupted time-series analysis for 5 cities in Brazil that had good data quality and high PCV10 vaccination coverage. Of the 197,975 hospitalizations analyzed, 30% were for pneumonia. Significant declines in hospitalizations for pneumonia were noted in Belo Horizonte (28.7%), Curitiba (23.3%), and Recife (27.4%) but not in São Paulo and Porto Alegre. However, in the latter 2 cities, vaccination coverage was less than that in the former 3. Overall, 1 year after introduction of PCV10, hospitalizations of children for pneumonia were reduced.

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