• Eleonora H Heeremans, Johannes H Proost, Douglas J Eleveld, Anthony R Absalom, and Michel M R F Struys.
• Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
• Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2010 Aug 1; 23 (4): 479-84.

Purpose Of ReviewPopulation modeling is a relatively new pharmacological discipline, the development of which has largely been stimulated by the need for accurate models for the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of anesthetic agents.Recent FindingsPopulation-based modeling is now considered superior to older, more traditional modeling methods. Nonlinear mixed-effect modeling - a commonly used population-based modeling approach - estimates intraindividual and interindividual variability, limits the influence of outlying samples and individuals through the use of Bayesian statistical analysis, and provides a potential means of optimizing drug delivery regimens, especially when used to define pharmacokinetic-dynamic models for target-controlled infusion systems. In addition to being used for pharmacokinetic modeling, in which the influence of factors such as age, weight and illness can be studied, it is a powerful tool for the study of the influence of multiple factors on drug pharmacodynamics.SummaryNonlinear mixed-effect population-based modeling has become the gold standard method of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis during new drug development and during subsequent pharmacological studies. Population-based modeling techniques have been applied to numerous aspects of drug delivery in anesthesia, intensive care and pain medicine.

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