• Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Joan Fernández-Ballart, Emilio Ros, Miguel-Angel Martínez-González, Montserrat Fitó, Ramon Estruch, Dolores Corella, Miquel Fiol, Enrique Gómez-Gracia, Fernando Arós, Gemma Flores, José Lapetra, Rosa Lamuela-Raventós, Valentina Ruiz-Gutiérrez, Mònica Bulló, Josep Basora, María-Isabel Covas, and PREDIMED Study Investigators.
• Human Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, University of Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. jordi.salas@urv.cat
• Arch. Intern. Med. 2008 Dec 8;168(22):2449-58.

BackgroundEpidemiological studies suggest that the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) may reduce the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We compared the 1-year effect of 2 behavioral interventions to implement the MedDiet vs advice on a low-fat diet on MetS status.MethodsA total of 1224 participants were recruited from the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Study, a multicenter, 3-arm, randomized clinical trial to determine the efficacy of the MedDiet on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Participants were older subjects at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Interventions were quarterly education about the MedDiet plus provision of either 1 L/wk of virgin olive oil (MedDiet + VOO) or 30 g/d of mixed nuts (MedDiet + nuts), and advice on a low-fat diet (control diet). All diets were ad libitum, and there was no increase in physical activity for any of the interventions. Lifestyle variables and MetS features as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were assessed.ResultsAt baseline, 61.4% of participants met criteria for the MetS. One-year prevalence was reduced by 6.7%, 13.7%, and 2.0% in the MedDiet + VOO, MedDiet + nuts, and control diet groups, respectively (MedDiet + nuts vs control groups, P = .01; MedDiet + VOO vs control group, P = .18). Incident rates of the MetS were not significantly different among groups (22.9%, 17.9%, and 23.4%, respectively). After adjustment for sex, age, baseline obesity status, and weight changes, the odds ratios for reversion of MetS were 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.8-2.1) for the MedDiet + VOO group and 1.7 (1.1-2.6) for the MedDiet + nuts group compared with the control diet group.ConclusionA traditional MedDiet enriched with nuts could be a useful tool in the management of the MetS.

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