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- H Theodore Harcke, Geoffrey Crawley, and Edward Mazuchowski.
- Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, USA.
- J Spec Oper Med. 2011 Jan 1;11(1):23-6.
AbstractIntraosseous vascular infusion (IO) is a recognized alternative to peripheral intravenous infusion when access is inadequate. The sternum and proximal tibia are the preferred sites. A review of 98 cases at autopsy revealed successful sternal IO placement in 78 cases (80%). Assuming a worst case scenario for placement (pin mark and no tip in bone [17 cases] and tip present and not in the sternum [3 cases]), attempts were unsuccessful in 20 cases (20%). We draw no specific conclusions regarding sternal IO use, but hope that personnel placing these devices and those providing medical training can use the information.2011.
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