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Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol · Nov 1996
ReviewManagement of Clostridium difficile infection and other antibiotic-associated diarrhoeas.
- J G Bartlett.
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1996 Nov 1;8(11):1054-61.
AbstractMost cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea are due to Clostridium difficile or are enigmatic. Patients with C. difficile-associated disease are more likely to have colitis, severe disease and nosocomial acquisition. The preferred diagnostic test is a C. difficile toxin assay using a tissue culture assay or enzyme immunoassay. The usual treatment is withdrawal of the inducing agent, sometimes supplemented with oral vancomycin or metronidazole. Response rates approach 100%; the major complication is relapse. Major complications include toxic megacolon, devastating diarrhoea, pseudomembranous colitis and hypoalbuminemia. Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea with negative tests for C. difficile toxin is usually dose-related and responds to antibiotic withdrawal.
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