• Qian-Kun Chen, Chang Chen, Xiao-Feng Chen, and Ge-Ning Jiang.
• Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
• Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2014 Jan 1;97(1):218-23.

BackgroundA variety of complications occur in patients with pulmonary aspergilloma. The safety and feasibility of a thoracoscopic approach to therapeutic lung resection for pulmonary aspergilloma have not been well evaluated.MethodsThe medical records of patients who underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) or a thoracotomy for therapeutic resection of pulmonary aspergilloma between January 2005 and December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed for age, sex, indications for surgery, approach and procedures, postoperative pain, operative time, blood loss, hospital stay, cost, and complications.ResultsA total of 310 patients underwent thoracotomy, 76 patients underwent attempted VATS lobectomy. Seventy-six patients from 310 patients for thoracotomy were selected and compared with the VATS group. Nine cases (11.8%) in the VATS group were converted to a thoracotomy for the following reasons: bleeding (n =2); dense fibrous adhesions (n =3); fused interlobar fissure (n =2); and hilar lymphadenopathy (n = 2). Lesions treated with pneumonectomy failed to be done using VATS. There was no difference in the blood loss and median operative time between the 2 groups, but the patients with VATS had shorter length of stay in the hospital (p = 0.035) and fewer complications (p = 0.032) than those with thoracotomy.ConclusionsVideo-assisted thoracic surgery is an alternative to open procedures in the management of pulmonary aspergilloma. Simple aspergilloma and complex aspergilloma without infiltration of the hilum are good candidates for VATS resection. Aspergilloma lesions that require a pneumonectomy are still a major challenge for VATS.Copyright © 2014 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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