• Jin S Yeom, K Daniel Riew, Sung Shik Kang, Jemin Yi, Gun Woo Lee, Arim Yeom, Bong-Soon Chang, Choon-Ki Lee, and Ho-Joong Kim.
• *Spine Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, Korea†Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY‡Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea§Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Armed Forces Yangju Hospital, Yangju, Korea; and¶Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
• Spine. 2015 Oct 15; 40 (20): E1093-102.

Study DesignProspective observational cohort study.ObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of our new technique, distraction arthrodesis of C1-C2 facet joint with C2 root preservation (Study group), to those of conventional C1-C2 fusion with C2 root transection (Control group) for the management of intractable occipital neuralgia caused by C2 root compression.Summary Of Background DataWe are not aware of any report concerning C2 root decompression during C1-C2 fusion.Materials And MethodsInclusion criteria were visual analogue scale (VAS) score for occipital neuralgia 7 or more; C2 root compression at the collapsed C1-C2 neural foramen; and follow-up 12 months or more. The Study group underwent surgery with our new technique including (1) C1-C2 facet joint distraction and bone block insertion while preserving the C2 root; and (2) use of C1 posterior arch screws instead of conventional lateral mass screws during C1-C2 segmental screw fixation. The Control group underwent C2 root transection with C1-C2 segmental screw fixation and fusion. We compared the prospectively collected outcomes data.ResultsThere were 15 patients in the Study group and 8 in the Control group. Although there was no significant difference in the VAS score for the occipital neuralgia between the 2 groups preoperatively (8.2 ± 0.9 vs. 7.9 ± 0.6, P = 0.39), it was significantly lower in the Study group at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.01, respectively). At 12 months, it was 0.4 ± 0.6 versus 2.5 ± 2.6 (P = 0.01). There was no significant difference in improvement in the VAS score for neck pain and neck disability index and Japanese Orthopedic Association recovery rate, which are minimally influenced by occipital neuralgia.ConclusionOur novel technique of distraction arthrodesis with C2 root preservation can be an effective option for the management of intractable occipital neuralgia caused by C2 root compression.

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