• Roger Chou, John D Loeser, Douglas K Owens, Richard W Rosenquist, Steven J Atlas, Jamie Baisden, Eugene J Carragee, Martin Grabois, Donald R Murphy, Daniel K Resnick, Steven P Stanos, William O Shaffer, Eric M Wall, and American Pain Society Low Back Pain Guideline Panel.
• Department of Medicine, Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. chour@ohsu.edu
• Spine. 2009 May 1; 34 (10): 1066-77.

Study DesignClinical practice guideline.ObjectiveTo develop evidence-based recommendations on use of interventional diagnostic tests and therapies, surgeries, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation for low back pain of any duration, with or without leg pain.Summary Of Background DataManagement of patients with persistent and disabling low back pain remains a clinical challenge. A number of interventional diagnostic tests and therapies and surgery are available and their use is increasing, but in some cases their utility remains uncertain or controversial. Interdisciplinary rehabilitation has also been proposed as a potentially effective noninvasive intervention for persistent and disabling low back pain.MethodsA multidisciplinary panel was convened by the American Pain Society. Its recommendations were based on a systematic review that focused on evidence from randomized controlled trials. Recommendations were graded using methods adapted from the US Preventive Services Task Force and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group.ResultsInvestigators reviewed 3348 abstracts. A total of 161 randomized trials were deemed relevant to the recommendations in this guideline. The panel developed a total of 8 recommendations.ConclusionRecommendations on use of interventional diagnostic tests and therapies, surgery, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation are presented. Due to important trade-offs between potential benefits, harms, costs, and burdens of alternative therapies, shared decision-making is an important component of a number of the recommendations.

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