• Daren K Heyland, Renee D Stapleton, Marina Mourtzakis, Catherine L Hough, Peter Morris, Nicolaas E Deutz, Elizabeth Colantuoni, Andrew Day, Carla M Prado, and Dale M Needham.
• Clinical Evaluation Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: dkh2@queensu.ca.
• Clin Nutr. 2015 Jul 16.

AbstractSurvivors of critical illness commonly experience neuromuscular abnormalities, including muscle weakness known as ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW). ICU-AW is associated with delayed weaning from mechanical ventilation, extended ICU and hospital stays, more healthcare-related hospital costs, a higher risk of death, and impaired physical functioning and quality of life in the months after ICU admission. These observations speak to the importance of developing new strategies to aid in the physical recovery of acute respiratory failure patients. We posit that to maintain optimal muscle mass, strength and physical function, the combination of nutrition and exercise may have the greatest impact on physical recovery of survivors of critical illness. Randomized trials testing this and related hypotheses are needed. We discussed key methodological issues and proposed a common evaluation framework to stimulate work in this area and standardize our approach to outcome assessments across future studies.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

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