• Br J Addict · Jul 1989

    An epidemic of opium dependence among Asian refugees in Minnesota: characteristics and causes.

    • J Westermeyer, T Lyfoung, and J Neider.
    • Br J Addict. 1989 Jul 1;84(7):785-9.

    AbstractAfter several decades absence, opium smoking has reappeared in the U.S. Introduced by Indochinese refugees in the early 1980's, it has spread to several regions of the country. In this report the characteristics of refugee opium addicts is described. In addition, the factors contributing to a fertile situation for opium addiction are presented. Finally, implications of these findings and remedial recommendations are suggested.

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