• Silvia Panseri, Alessandro Russo, Carla Cunha, Alice Bondi, Alessandro Di Martino, Silvia Patella, and Elizaveta Kon.
• Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy. s.panseri@biomec.ior.it
• Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012 Jun 1;20(6):1182-91.

PurposeOsteochondral defects (i.e., defects which affect both the articular cartilage and underlying subchondral bone) are often associated with mechanical instability of the joint and therefore with the risk of inducing osteoarthritic degenerative changes. This review addresses the current surgical treatments and most promising tissue engineering approaches for articular cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration.MethodsThe capability to repair osteochondral or bone defects remains a challenging goal for surgeons and researchers. So far, most clinical approaches have been shown to have limited capacity to treat severe lesions. Current surgical repair strategies vary according to the nature and size of the lesion and the preference of the operating surgeon. Tissue engineering has emerged as a promising alternative strategy that essentially develops viable substitutes capable of repairing or regenerating the functions of damaged tissue.ResultsAn overview of novel and most promising osteochondroconductive scaffolds, osteochondroinductive signals, osteochondrogenic precursor cells, and scaffold fixation approaches are presented addressing advantages, drawbacks, and future prospectives for osteochondral regenerative medicine.ConclusionTissue engineering has emerged as an excellent approach for the repair and regeneration of damaged tissue, with the potential to circumvent all the limitations of autologous and allogeneic tissue repair.Level Of EvidenceSystematic review, Level III.

30 keywords...

hide…