• Michael E Brier, Adam E Gaweda, Andrew Dailey, George R Aronoff, and Alfred A Jacobs.
• Department of Veterans Affairs, Louisville, Kentucky, USA. mbrier@louisville.edu
• Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 May 1;5(5):814-20.

Background And ObjectivesVariable hemoglobin (Hb) response to erythropoiesis stimulating agents may result in adverse outcomes. The utility of model predictive control for drug dosing was previously demonstrated.Design, Setting, Participants, & MeasurementsThis was a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial to test model predictive control for dosing erythropoietin in ESRD patients. The trial included 60 hemodialysis patients who were randomized into a treatment arm (30 subjects) that received erythropoietin doses on the basis of the computer recommendations or a control arm (30 subjects) that received erythropoietin doses on the basis of recommendations from a standard anemia management protocol (control). The subjects were followed for 8 months, and the proportions of measured Hb within the target of 11 to 12 g/dl and outside 9 to 13 g/dl were measured. Variability of the Hb level was measured by the absolute difference between the achieved Hb and the target Hb of 11.5 g/dl as well as the area under the Hb curve.ResultsModel predictive control resulted in 15 observations >13 or <9 g/dl (outliers), a mean absolute difference between achieved Hb and 11.5 g/dl of 0.98 +/- 0.08 g/dl, and an area under the Hb curve of 2.86 +/- 1.46. The control group algorithm resulted in 30 Hb outliers (P = 0.051), produced a mean absolute difference between achieved Hb and 11.5 g/dl of 1.18 +/- 0.18 g/dl (P < 0.001 difference in variance), and an area under the Hb curve of 3.38 +/- 2.69 (P = 0.025 difference in variance).ConclusionsModel predictive control of erythropoietin administration improves anemia management.

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