• Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jul 2016

    Galectin-3 is Associated with Restrictive Lung Disease and Interstitial Lung Abnormalities.

    • Jennifer E Ho, Wei Gao, Daniel Levy, Rajalakshmi Santhanakrishnan, Tetsuro Araki, Ivan O Rosas, Hiroto Hatabu, Jeanne C Latourelle, Mizuki Nishino, Josée Dupuis, George R Washko, George T O'Connor, and Gary M Hunninghake.
    • 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
    • Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2016 Jul 1; 194 (1): 77-83.

    RationaleGalectin-3 (Gal-3) has been implicated in the development of pulmonary fibrosis in experimental studies, and Gal-3 levels have been found to be elevated in small studies of human pulmonary fibrosis.ObjectivesWe sought to study whether circulating Gal-3 concentrations are elevated early in the course of pulmonary fibrosis.MethodsWe examined 2,596 Framingham Heart Study participants (mean age, 57 yr; 54% women; 14% current smokers) who underwent Gal-3 assessment using plasma samples and pulmonary function testing between 1995 and 1998. Of this sample, 1,148 underwent subsequent volumetric chest computed tomography.Measurements And Main ResultsHigher Gal-3 concentrations were associated with lower lung volumes (1.4% decrease in percentage of predicted FEV1 per 1 SD increase in log Gal-3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8-2.0%; P < 0.001; 1.2% decrease in percentage of predicted FVC; 95% CI, 0.6-1.8%; P < 0.001) and decreased diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (2.1% decrease; 95% CI, 1.3-2.9%; P < 0.001). These associations remained significant after multivariable adjustment (P ≤ 0.008 for all). Compared with the lowest quartile, participants in the highest Gal-3 quartile were more than twice as likely to have interstitial lung abnormalities visualized by computed tomography (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.49-4.76; P < 0.001).ConclusionsElevated Gal-3 concentrations are associated with interstitial lung abnormalities coupled with a restrictive pattern, including decreased lung volumes and altered gas exchange. These findings suggest a potential role for Gal-3 in early stages of pulmonary fibrosis.

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