• James W Carson, Francis J Keefe, Thomas R Lynch, Kimberly M Carson, Veeraindar Goli, Anne Marie Fras, and Steven R Thorp.
• Duke University Medical Center, USA.
• J Holist Nurs. 2005 Sep 1;23(3):287-304.

PurposeLoving-kindness meditation has been used for centuries in the Buddhist tradition to develop love and transform anger into compassion. This pilot study tested an 8-week loving-kindness program for chronic low back pain patients.MethodPatients (N = 43) were randomly assigned to the intervention or standard care. Standardized measures assessed patients' pain, anger, and psychological distress.FindingsPost and follow-up analyses showed significant improvements in pain and psychological distress in the loving-kindness group, but no changes in the usual care group. Multilevel analyses of daily data showed that more loving-kindness practice on a given day was related to lower pain that day and lower anger the next day.ConclusionsPreliminary results suggest that the loving-kindness program can be beneficial in reducing pain, anger, and psychological distress in patients with persistent low back pain.ImplicationsClinicians may find loving-kindness meditation helpful in the treatment of patients with persistent pain.

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