• Li He, Wanguang Zhang, Jiahong Zhang, Le Cao, Lan Gong, Jingping Ma, He Huang, Jinwu Zeng, Chuanbin Zhu, Jianhua Gong, Yongjian Xu, Zhenxiang Zhang, Jianping Zhao, and Huilan Zhang.
• Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Ren Min Road, JingZhou District, JingZhou, 434020, Hu Bei Province, China, hehel@live.cn.
• Lung. 2014 Aug 1;192(4):553-61.

BackgroundThe coexistence of emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis is known as combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). The aim of this study was to compare diaphragmatic motion measured by M-mode ultrasonography of patients with CPFE, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MethodsPulmonary function, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and diaphragmatic motion were examined in patients with CPFE (n = 25), IPF (n = 18), and COPD (n = 60), and in healthy controls (n = 21). Diaphragmatic motions were measured on M-mode ultrasonographic images during quiet breathing and deep breathing.ResultsThere were no significant differences in right or left diaphragmatic motion during quiet breathing among the four groups, whereas differences were significant in right and left motion during deep breathing. Diaphragmatic motion in CPFE patients was the lowest among the four groups. COPD patients, especially those with severe COPD, showed significantly lower diaphragmatic motion than IPF patients or healthy controls. There were no differences in diaphragmatic motion between IPF patients and healthy controls. Right diaphragmatic motions during deep breathing were negatively correlated with emphysema scores (r = -0.606, p < 0.001), but were not correlated with fibrosis scores on HRCT.ConclusionsDiaphragmatic weakness was found in CPFE patients. Emphysema but not fibrosis may be one cause of limited diaphragmatic motion in patients with CPFE. M-mode ultrasonographic evaluation of diaphragmatic motion during deep breathing may be a useful tool in diagnosing CPFE and in discriminating CPFE patients from IPF or COPD patients.

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