• Abebaw Fekadu and Graham Thornicroft.
• Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Centre for Affective Disorders, King's College London, London, UK; Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; abe.wassie@kcl.ac.uk.
• Glob Health Action. 2014 Jan 1;7:25447.

BackgroundGlobal mental health (GMH) advocates for access to and the equitable provision of mental health care. Although the treatment gap is a useful construct to measure access and equitability of care, it fails to communicate the real-life consequences of the treatment gap and the urgent need to address care disparities.ObjectiveThe aim of this article is to present a perspective on the practical application of the principles of GMH to understand the real-life impact of the treatment gap and the approaches taken to improve treatment coverage in Ethiopia.DesignA case study method is used.ResultsMultiple international collaborations undertaken in Ethiopia and facilitated by GMH to improve care, capacity, and the evidence base for increased treatment coverage are described briefly. A series of steps taken at the local and national levels to address the treatment gap are highlighted. The stories of two patients are also presented to illustrate the real-life consequences of the treatment gap and the potential transformational impact of addressing the treatment gap on patients, families, and communities.ConclusionsGMH has a key role to play in addressing the treatment gap, which improves the life of people with mental disorders, their families, and their communities. However, national-level policy support and coordination are essential for any realistic improvement in treatment coverage. The reflections offered through the case examples may have utility in similar low-income settings.

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