• Orthop. Clin. North Am. · Oct 2011

    Review

    Management of degenerative disk disease and chronic low back pain.

    • Jaro Karppinen, Francis H Shen, Keith D K Luk, Gunnar B J Andersson, Kenneth M C Cheung, and Dino Samartzis.
    • Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Jaro.Karppinen@ttl.fi
    • Orthop. Clin. North Am. 2011 Oct 1;42(4):513-28, viii.

    AbstractDegenerative disk disease is a strong etiologic risk factor of chronic low back pain (LBP). A multidisciplinary approach to treatment is often warranted. Patient education, medication, and cognitive behavioral therapies are essential in the treatment of chronic LBP sufferers. Surgical intervention with a rehabilitation regime is sometimes advocated. Prognostic factors related to the outcome of different treatments include maladaptive pain coping and genetics. The identification of pain genes may assist in determining individuals susceptible to pain and in patient selection for appropriate therapy. Biologic therapies show promise, but clinical trials are needed before advocating their use in humans.Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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