• Franklin Dexter, Yan Xiao, Angella J Dow, Melissa M Strader, Danny Ho, and Ruth E Wachtel.
• Division of Management Consulting, Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa, Iowa 52242, USA. Franklin-Dexter@UIowa.edu
• Anesth. Analg. 2007 Dec 1;105(6):1701-10, table of contents.

BackgroundAn anesthesia department implemented scheduling of anesthetics outside of operating rooms (non-OR) by clerks and nurses from other departments using its hospital's enterprise-wide scheduling system.MethodsObservational studies chronicled the change over 2 yr as non-OR time was allocated by specialty, and nonanesthesia clerks and nurses scheduled anesthesia teams. Experimental studies investigated how tabular and graphical displays affected the scheduling of milestones (e.g., NPO times) and appointments before anesthetics.ResultsAnesthetics performed in allocated time increased progressively from 0% to 75%. Scheduling of anesthetics by nonanesthesia clerks and nurses increased progressively from 0% to 77%. Consistency of patient instructions was improved. The quality of resulting schedules was good. Implementation was not associated with worsening of multiple operational measures of performance such as cancellation rates, turnover times, or complaints. However, schedulers struggled to understand fasting and arrival times of patients, despite using a web site with statistically generated values in tabular formats. Experiments revealed that people ignored their knowledge that anesthetics can start earlier than scheduled. Participants made good decisions with both tabular and graphical displays when scheduling appointments preceding anesthesia.ConclusionsEnterprise-wide scheduling can coordinate anesthetics with other appointments on the same date and improve consistency and accuracy of patient instructions customized to the probability of an anesthetic starting early. The usefulness of implementation depends on the value in having more patient-centered care and/or in having patients arrive just in time for non-OR anesthesia, surgery, or regional block placement (e.g., at facilities with limited physical space).

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