• Pain Med · May 2016

    Impaired Conditioned Pain Modulation in Young Female Adults with Long-Standing Patellofemoral Pain: A Single Blinded Cross-Sectional Study.

    • Michael Skovdal Rathleff, Kristian Kjær Petersen, Lars Arendt-Nielsen, Kristian Thorborg, and Thomas Graven-Nielsen.
    • *Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; misr@hst.aau.dk.
    • Pain Med. 2016 May 1; 17 (5): 980-8.

    ObjectivePatellofemoral pain (PFP) is common among young individuals. Female adolescents with PFP present typically with localized mechanical hyperalgesia around the knee, but the effect of central pain mechanisms are unknown. This study aimed to compare temporal summation of pain, conditioned pain modulation (CPM), and widespread hyperalgesia in young female adults with PFP and age-matched pain-free controls.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting And SubjectsTwenty young female adults (19-21 years old) with long-standing PFP were compared with 20 pain-free controls from the same population-based cohort.MethodsCuff algometry was used to assess the pain detection threshold. Temporal summation of pain was assessed by recording the pain intensity on a visual analog scale during repeated cuff pressure stimulations at pain tolerance intensity on the lower leg. CPM was recorded as an increase in the cuff pain detection threshold in response to experimental conditioning pain imposed on the contralateral arm. Handheld pressure algometry was used to assess pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) on the knee, shin, and forearm. The examiner was blinded to the type of subject assessed.ResultsCompared with pain-free controls, young females with PFP showed no decrease in cuff pain thresholds (P < 0.40) or facilitated temporal summation (P < 0.15) but had a lower CPM response (P < 0.04) and lower PPTs (P < 0.005).ConclusionsYoung female adults with long-standing PFP demonstrated impaired CPM. This is important because PFP, a peripheral pathology, might have important central components that need to be studied in order to understand its extent and therapeutic implications.© 2015 American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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